Behavioral Management for Defiant Children: Part 3

As we close this series on behavioral management for your “defiant child”, we will cover a program model that utilizes Alan Kazdin’s ABCs of parenting: Antecedent, Behavior and Consequence. The following method is a tried and true way to change and shape your child’s behavior, which will ultimately change and shape your relationships for the better. The strategy is both simple and powerful when used correctly and it works for all ages. What is this magic tool? We’re talking about a point chart. A point chart is a visual tracking tool that displays desired behaviors your child has accomplished and an associated reward system. Research has proven the effectiveness of a point chart, demonstrating that such a visual system both keeps your child engaged and incentivised and reminds you, the parent, to consistently implement the program. The steps below explain what this point chart system looks like when put in place and how you can begin effective parenting today: 

• Define the “positive opposite”

Before you can begin, take a moment to think about the problems you are facing at home and what behaviors are making up those challenges. As we discussed in the last post, once you’ve identified the behavior you don’t want, it is important to phrase it in terms of a behavior you do want, or as Alan Kazdin calls it, the “positive opposite”. For example, if bedtime is a battle every night with your toddler throwing tantrums, perhaps your positive opposite is going to bed peacefully and quietly. With your desired behaviors in mind, we can then create the point chart. 

• Create the point chart 

The point chart is a simple, visual system that displays the desired behavior, the days of the week, and markings of whether or not the desired behavior was accomplished each day. There is no correlation between creativity and effectiveness, so your chart can be as elaborate or simple in design as you’d like. If your child performs the desired behavior, they get a check mark or sticker in the box for that day. If they don’t, mark a dash, but do not leave it blank. Location and consistency are key to the chart success. Place it in a spot that both you and your child will see often, such as the fridge. This will help keep everyone honest about progress and promote consistency. Lastly, it is better to have fewer days that are successful, than more, less successful days. If you think you need to start out with 3-5 days a week on the point chart, that’s fine. You can always build from there. 

• Establish a reward system  

Next, decide what the “currency” is for the point chart. There are a couple important factors for establishing the reward system:

• Do not take away existing privileges or items in order to give them back later. Make sure the reward is something new the child receives. This will prevent resentment towards the chart and program. 
• Start rewards right away by having small rewards for a few points to begin with. Depending on the age of your child, this can be small, cheap toys from a grab bag that they get to choose from or simple privileges. 
• Reward consistently and immediately. Timing matters! 
• Add in special rewards for higher points. Since these high value items take longer to achieve, it is helpful to have a second chart for them. The main chart should maintain the frequent and immediate praise and rewards that makes the program effective. 

• Explain the point chart

Describe and present the chart to your child. Keep your tone warm and excited as you explain how it works and identify the desired behavior for them. Get them involved by letting them choose how they’d like to mark the chart and pick some rewards. 

• Practice

Do a practice round with your child. Role playing is a great way to show what your expectations are and establish what verbal and non verbal prompts are associated with the desired behavior. Praise your child throughout the “practice round” and add points to the chart when completed. Immediately give your child a small reward for successful practice. This is the first opportunity to provide positive reinforcement that makes this program so effective. 

• Get started! 

You are now equipped with the tools to see the change in behavior you are looking for. With effective and consistent implementation of this method, you can say goodbye to tantrums, attitude and opposition and start improving the relationship between you and your challenging children. For any questions or guidance on integrating the Kazdin Method into your home life, Dr. Gordon and his staff at Pathways Neuropsychology Associates have a wide breadth of experience and knowledge to share on parenting, child development and behavioral psychology. Call today to set up an appointment! 

Source: The Kazdin Method for Parenting the Defiant Child by Alan E. Kazdin, PhD

Behavioral Management for Defiant Children: A Series

Relentless tantrums, opposition and attitude at every request, always on the brink of the next crisis at home or in public… sound familiar? If you are among the many parents who are at their wits end parenting your “defiant child”, this next blog series is for you. Taking the wisdom from Alan Kazdin, a leading child and behavior psychologist, and his parenting guide, The Kazdin Method for Parenting the Defiant Child, we will explore his tried and true, research-based parenting technique for approaching difficult children. The goal of his method is to hone in on your parenting craft and improve your child’s behavior, which ultimately and most importantly leads to improved relationships. This series covers myths of parenting, the ABC’s of positive reinforcement, and a program that puts it all together. 

Let’s begin with some myths of parenting. Much of the instincts parents have are positive, such as the natural inclination to shower children in hugs and kisses. However, when it comes to behavior management, there are some underlying assumptions that parents don’t always get quite right. Here are seven common misconceptions: 

• Punishment is an effective method to change behavior 

While punishment has its place in parenting, it is not actually an effective method for changing behavior. Contrarily, punishment is a temporary fix that works in unproductive ways and, in reality, has negative consequences. The unwanted behavior may stop in that moment, but your child now knows what not to do in front of you instead of understanding the desired behavior. They may now avoid you, become more aggressive, or become resistant to the punishment. When the bad behavior inevitably comes up again, possibly with increased aggression, you will naturally increase the severity of punishment and thus the cycle continues and the behavior remains.  

• Quantity of reminders equates to quality of behavior 

Parents often assume that if they remind their child to perform a task enough times, the child will eventually listen. As perhaps you’ve experienced, more often this just leads you to be exasperated and frustrated when their room is still a mess after your fiftieth reminder to clean it! Your reminders are actually working against you. In fact, studies have proven that more reminders leads to a lower likelihood of the desired behavior: nagging decreases the power of your requests while increasing your own stress levels. 

• Rationalizing with your child changes behavior

Okay, so punishments and reminders aren’t working. Surely explaining to your child why a behavior is not okay will be the solution. Unfortunately, rationalizing with your child is also a dead end for changing behavior. While explaining is a great tool for increasing understanding, understanding in itself does not lead to action (this applies to adults as well- we understand that dessert is not great for our health, but does that always stop us from eating sweets?). There are no tangible positive or negative consequences to reinforce behaviors in just an explanation. Therefore, on its own, it is ineffective for behavior change. 

• Too much praise will make children spoiled

Praise delivered in the right way can be extremely effective in shaping behavior. The quantity of praise is not as much a factor as is its quality. The key to effective praise is to practice noting specific, positive behaviors instead of giving out general, empty compliments. 

• Behavior will be consistent if demonstrated once or twice 

Just because your child demonstrated capability of performing your desired behavior does not mean you can count on seeing it consistently. Just with creating or changing any new habit, behaviors have to be solidified through consistent repetition and reward, also known as positive reinforcement. 

• All children within a family need the same approach 

What works with one of your children may not work for others. Some of your children may need different strategies that your other children did not need and that is perfectly okay. It is important to relax your expectations across your children and loosen up your timeline for development benchmarks by appreciating their inevitable differences. 

• Children are purposely being manipulative 

While it may seem that children are acting difficult for the sake of being difficult and manipulative, it is more likely that they are acting out unwanted behaviors that have been unintentionally reinforced. For example, maybe your child is whining and crying to get something. You’re at your limit and in order to get the whining to stop, you give them your attention or maybe even concede to their wants. You feel relief when the negative behavior stops, but you’ve also unknowingly rewarded whining and crying.

Now that we’ve debunked some of the misconceptions of parenting, we can start to reimagine effective parenting. In the next part of this series, we will do just that by explaining the ABCs of positive reinforcement. In the meantime, if you have any questions or concerns about your parenting approach, Dr. Gordon and his staff at Pathways Neuropsychology Associates have a wide breadth of experience and knowledge to share on parenting, child development and behavioral psychology. Call today to set up an appointment!

Source: The Kazdin Method for Parenting the Defiant Child by Alan E. Kazdin, PhD